Report on the Work of the Government
2007年温总理政府工作报告中英文版
The following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 5, 2007:
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Fifth Session of the
Tenth National People's Congress on March 5, 2007
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council
Fellow Deputies,
各位代表：
On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
I. Review of the Work in 2006
一、2006年工作回顾
China began implementation of and made a good start on its Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2006, making major achievements in economic and social development.
2006年，是我国实施“十一五”规划并实现良好开局的一年，国民经济和社会发展取得重大成就。
-The economy experienced steady and fast growth. China's GDP was 20.94 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year. The consumer price index rose by 1.5%. For four years in a row, economic growth has reached or slightly exceeded 10% without significant inflation.
——经济平稳快速增长。国内生产总值20.94万亿元，比上年增长10.7%；居民消费价格总水平上涨1.5%。经济增长连续四年达到或略高于10%，没有出现明显通货膨胀。
-Economic performance improved steadily. National revenue reached 3.93 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 769. 4 billion yuan. Profits of large industrial enterprises rose 31%, an increase of 444.2 billion yuan.
——经济效益稳步提高。全国财政收入3.93万亿元，比上年增加7694亿元；规模以上工业企业实现利润增长31%，增加4442亿元。
-Implementation of the reform and opening up policy was deepened. Further progress was made in reforms in key areas and crucial links. China's import and export volume totaled US$ 1.76 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $69.5 billion.
——改革开放进一步深化。重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展。进出口贸易总额1.76万亿美元，比上年增长23.8%；实际利用外商直接投资695亿美元。
-Development of social programs was accelerated. Major achievements were made in scientific and technological innovation, there was continued development of education, the public health system was improved and progress continued in cultural and sports programs.
——社会事业加快发展。科技创新取得重大成果，教育事业继续发展，公共卫生体系建设得到加强，文化、体育事业进一步繁荣。
-People's living standards improved substantially. A total of 11.84 million urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita disposable income rose to 11,759 yuan, an increase of 10.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income grew to 3,587 yuan, an increase of 7.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation.
——人民生活有较大改善。城镇新增就业1184万人。城镇居民人均可支配收入11759元，农村居民人均纯收入3587元，扣除价格因素，分别比上年实际增长10.4%和7.4%。
These achievements mark a further increase in China's overall strength and represent another solid step toward the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
这些成就，标志着我国综合国力进一步增强，我们朝着全面建设小康社会目标又迈出坚实的一步。
The main work accomplished in 2006 includes the following.
一年来的主要工作是：
1. Macroeconomic regulation was strengthened and improved. The central government adopted a series of timely macroeconomic regulatory measures to address major problems affecting economic performance, such as overheated investment, excessive money and credit supply and serious trade imbalance. We strengthened land regulation by strictly controlling the expansion of land used for construction and took stern actions against violations of laws and regulations concerning land use. We strengthened supervision of money supply and credit, raised the basic interest rate on RMB loans twice and raised the reserve requirements for financial institutions three times. We strengthened the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activities. We tightened the examination and approval process, oversight and inspection of new projects to be launched on the market. We strengthened regulation and oversight of the real estate market to improve the mix of market housing available. These macroeconomic regulatory measures started to work, resulting in a drop in the growth rate in fixed asset investments and slower growth of the bank credit supply. We thus prevented rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth and avoided drastic fluctuations.
（一）加强和改善宏观调控。针对经济运行中投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大等突出问题，中央及时采取了一系列宏观调控措施。加强土地调控，从紧控制新增建设用地，严肃查处违法违规用地行为；加强货币信贷管理，两次上调人民币贷款基准利率，三次上调金融机构存款准备金率；加强财政、税收对经济运行的调节；加强新上项目市场准入审核和监督检查；加强房地产市场调控和监管，着力调整住房供给结构。宏观调控措施逐步见效，固定资产投资增幅回落，银行信贷投放增速放缓，防止了经济增长由偏快转为过热，避免了经济大起大落。
2. Work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers was intensified. Steady progress was made in building a new socialist countryside. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 339.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 42.2 billion yuan. We rescinded the agricultural tax and taxes on special agricultural products nationwide, ending a tax that had been collected on grain farmers in China for more than 2,600 years. We continued to increase direct subsidies to grain farmers for producing grain and subsidies for growing superior seed varieties and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools, and followed a policy of granting general subsidies for agricultural production supplies. In addition, we continued the minimum purchase price policy for key grain varieties in major grain-producing areas and increased transfer payments to counties and townships with financial difficulties and major grain-producing counties. Despite serious natural disasters, the output of major agricultural products increased steadily. Grain output reached 497.46 million tons, registering the third consecutive annual increase. We worked harder to develop rural infrastructure, including roads, water conservancy, electricity and communications, and made safe drinking water available to another 28.97 million rural residents and the use of methane available to an additional 4.5 million rural families, thereby improving working and living conditions in rural areas. We made continued progress in reducing rural poverty through development, lifting 2.17 million rural people out of poverty. We formulated and implemented policies and measures to address the difficulties rural migrant workers in cities face and strengthened protection of their legitimate rights and interests by addressing the problems of low wages and unpaid wages, standardizing labor management pursuant to the law, improving job training and expanding the social safety net.
（二）加大“三农”工作力度。稳步推进社会主义新农村建设。全年中央财政用于“三农”支出3397亿元，比上年增加422亿元。在全国范围内取消了农业税和农业特产税，终结了延续2600多年农民种田交税的历史。继续增加对种粮农民直接补贴、良种补贴和农机具购置补贴，实施农业生产资料综合补贴政策，继续对重点地区的重点粮食品种实行最低收购价政策，增加对财政困难县乡和产粮大县的转移支付。在自然灾害较重的情况下，主要农产品产量稳步增加。全年粮食产量达到49746万吨，实现了连续三年增产。农村道路、水利、电力、通信等基础设施建设得到加强，又有2897万农村人口解决了安全饮水问题，新增450万农村沼气用户，农民的生产生活条件继续改善。农村扶贫开发工作取得新进展，农村贫困人口减少217万人。制定并实施解决农民工问题的政策措施，从解决工资偏低和拖欠、依法规范劳动管理、加强就业培训和社会保障等方面，维护了农民工的合法权益。
3. Adjustment of the economic structure was accelerated. We formulated policies and measures to accelerate the development of the equipment manufacturing industry and promoted independent development of major technologies and independent production of major equipment in key areas. We began to independently manufacture mega kilowatt nuclear power generators, ultra-supercritical thermal power generating units and new types of ships, and launched major projects such as those to produce high-grade digitally controlled machine tools and key manufacturing equipment. We also formulated and implemented policies and measures to carry out structural adjustments in 11 industries, including the steel, coal and cement industries. As a result, there was significant decline in the growth rate of investment in some industries with surplus production capacity and total investment for new planned projects dropped significantly. We closed down backward coal production facilities totaling 110 million tons in capacity and electrolytic aluminum production facilities totaling 1.2 million tons. A number of projects vital to China's economy were completed and put into operation and some others were started. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic, all generating units at the Three Gorges Left Power Station were completed and put into operation, and construction of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River began. All this will play an important role in sustaining economic development.
（三）加快经济结构调整。制定了加快振兴装备制造业的政策措施，推进关键领域重大技术装备自主制造。开展百万千瓦级核电机组、超超临界火电机组、新型船舶等设备自主化工作，启动高档数控机床和重要基础制造装备等重大专项。制定并实施钢铁、煤炭、水泥等11个行业结构调整的政策措施，部分产能过剩行业投资增幅明显回落，新开工项目计划总投资大幅下降，煤炭、电解铝分别淘汰落后生产能力1.1亿吨和120万吨。一批关系国民经济全局的重大工程建成投产或开工建设。青藏铁路全线通车，三峡左岸电站机组全部建成发电，金沙江向家坝水电站开工建设。这些对增强经济发展后劲将发挥重要作用。
We placed greater emphasis on saving energy and protecting the environment. We improved policies on saving energy and reducing emission of pollutants, and established a general responsibility system for meeting energy saving and pollution discharge reduction targets. We strengthened energy conservation in key industries, enterprises and projects, and conducted pilot projects to develop the circular economy. We worked hard to prevent and control water pollution in key river valleys and regions, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the Songhua River, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Bohai Sea. We carried out key environmental protection projects to desulphurize emissions from coal-fired power plants, treat urban sewage and dispose of waste safely. To ensure environmental safety, we launched the fourth annual nationwide campaign to punish enterprises that illegally discharge pollutants. We worked hard to protect and improve the ecosystem. Progress was made in the current stage of the campaign to restore order in and standardize the exploitation of mineral resources. Geological prospecting was intensified.
更加重视节能环保工作。完善节能降耗、污染减排政策，普遍建立节能减排目标责任制。积极推进重点行业、重点企业和重点工程的节能工作，开展循环经济试点，加强三峡库区、松花江、南水北调水源及沿线、渤海等重点流域和区域水污染防治工作，实施燃煤电厂脱硫、城市污水处理、垃圾无害化处理等环保重点工程。连续四年在全国开展整治违法排污企业、保障群众健康环保专项行动。扎实推进生态保护和建设。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序取得阶段性成果。地质勘查工作得到加强。
We continued to follow the overall strategy for regional development. We continued to make solid progress in the large-scale development of the western region, and the work of rejuvenating northeast China and other old industrial bases proceeded smoothly. We began implementation of the policy to boost the development of the central region. The eastern region made further achievements in leading the country in development.
继续实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发扎实推进，振兴东北地区等老工业基地工作顺利展开，促进中部地区崛起的政策开始实施，东部地区率先发展取得新成绩。
4. The process of reform and opening up was accelerated. We made comprehensive plans for overall rural reform. Steady progress was made in the reform of the system of collective forest rights. Further progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy, introducing the shareholding system in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and overseeing state-owned assets. Government functions were separated from the management of postal operations, and reform of the electricity management system continued. Significant progress was made in introducing a shareholding system in state-owned commercial banks; the Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China were successfully listed on domestic and overseas stock exchanges, and considerable headway was made in the current stage of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. The reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed, and the basic systems of the securities market were strengthened. Reform of the insurance industry was deepened. Reform of the foreign exchange administration system was gradually deepened. Continued improvement was made in the fiscal and tax systems. Smooth progress was made in reforming the civil servant salary system and standardizing the pattern of income distribution. A thorough campaign to improve market order was launched.
四）积极推进改革开放。全面部署农村综合改革。集体林权制度改革稳步进行。国有经济布局调整、国有企业股份制改革和国有资产监管取得新进展。邮政体制实现政企分开，电力体制改革继续推进。国有商业银行股份制改革迈出新的重要步伐，中国银行、中国工商银行在境内外成功上市，农村信用社改革取得阶段性成果；上市公司股权分置改革基本完成，证券市场基础性制度建设得到加强；保险业改革深入推进；外汇管理体制改革逐步深化。财政税收制度继续完善。公务员工资制度改革和规范收入分配秩序顺利进行。整顿和规范市场秩序工作深入开展。
We adjusted the trade mix by improving policies concerning export tax rebates, tariffs and processing trade and by controlling the export of products whose manufacture is highly energy consuming or highly polluting. We made energetic efforts to increase imports. The structure of foreign investment use was improved, and service industries, including banking, retail sales and telecommunications, were further opened up. We deepened and expanded economic exchanges and trade with other countries. We encouraged enterprises to invest overseas and cooperate with overseas-funded enterprises. We fulfilled all the commitments we made for China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and improved economic systems, laws, regulations and policies related to doing business with other countries.
调整对外贸易结构。完善出口退税、关税和加工贸易政策，控制高耗能、高污染产品出口；积极增加进口。优化利用外资结构，扩大银行、分销、电信等服务业对外开放。深化和扩大与各国的经贸往来。支持企业对外投资合作。全面履行加入世界贸易组织承诺，完善涉外经济体制和法规政策。
5. We worked hard to develop social programs. We increased funding for social programs. The central government spent 77.4 billion yuan on science and technology, 53.6 billion yuan on education, 13.8 billion yuan on health and 12.3 billion yuan on culture, representing year-on-year increases of 29.2%, 39.4%, 65.4% and 23.9% respectively.
（五）大力发展社会事业。增加社会事业的投入。全年中央财政用于科技、教育、卫生和文化事业的支出分别为774亿元、536亿元、138亿元和123亿元，比上年增长29.2%、39.4%、65.4%和23.9%。
We promoted innovation in science and technology. The Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-20), which took two years to formulate, has been issued and is being implemented, and related special programs and supplementary policies and measures have been formulated. Sixteen major projects were launched, including projects to develop giant oil and gas fields and coal seam gas, design and develop a new generation wireless broadband mobile communications network, design and produce large aircraft, develop manned spacecraft and explore the moon. We made breakthroughs in key technologies such as a high-performance computer, super high-quality hybrid paddy rice, third generation mobile communications and digital television, and increased China's capacity for independent innovation.
推进科技创新。历时两年研究制定的国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要颁布实施，并制定了相关专项规划和配套政策措施。大型油气田和煤层气开发、新一代宽带无线移动通信网、大型飞机设计与制造、载人航天与探月工程等16个重大专项陆续启动。高性能计算机、超级优质杂交水稻、第三代移动通信、数字电视等一些关键技术取得突破，自主创新能力增强。
We put education high on the development agenda. A total of 184 billion yuan was allocated by both central and local governments to fund rural compulsory education, enabling us to pay tuition and miscellaneous fees for the 52 million rural students receiving compulsory education throughout the western region and in some areas in the central region, provide free textbooks to 37.3 million students from poor families and grant living allowances to 7.8 million students staying in dormitories. Of the 410 targeted counties, 317 reached the goals of making nine-year compulsory education generally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. The proportion of the target population attaining these two goals in the western region increased to 96% from the 77% of 2003. The central government spent 9 billion yuan over the past three years building facilities for 7,651 rural boarding schools. Eight billion yuan was spent to develop modern primary and middle school distance education f or rural areas. The project covers over 80% of the rural primary and middle schools in the central and western regions and enables over 100 million students to have access to high-quality education resources. New enrollment at secondary vocational schools totaled 7.41 million and total attendance reached 18.09 million. Total attendance at institutions of higher education reached 25 million and the gross enrollment ratio rose to 22%.
优先发展教育事业。全国财政安排农村义务教育经费1840亿元，全部免除了西部地区和部分中部地区农村义务教育阶段5200万名学生的学杂费，为3730万名贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书，对780万名寄宿学生补助了生活费。410个“两基”（基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲）攻坚县已有317个县实现目标，西部地区“两基”人口覆盖率由2003年的77%提高到96%。中央财政连续三年累计投入90亿元，用于农村寄宿制学校建设工程，7651所学校受益。农村中小学现代远程教育工程已投入80亿元，覆盖中西部地区80%以上的农村中小学，1亿多中小学生得以共享优质教育资源。中等职业学校招生规模扩大到741万人，在校学生总数1809万人。高等教育在学人数2500万人，毛入学率提高到22％。
We worked to strengthen medical and health care services. Work to set up a disease prevention and control system with a wide range of functions that covers both urban and rural areas and a medical treatment system for public health emergencies has been basically completed. Work was begun to set up a rural health service system, and 2.7 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was allocated by the central government for the development of medical and health care facilities at the county, township and village levels. Trials of a new type of rural cooperative medical care system were extended to 1,451 counties, county-level cities and city districts, covering 50.7% of the country's total number of counties, county-level cities and city districts and 410 million rural residents. With 4.27 billion yuan allocated by the central government and additional local government funding, we raised the allowances for rural participants in the cooperative medical care system significantly. Development of the community-based system of urban medical services was accelerated. Subsidized medical care was improved for urban and rural residents. The central government allocated 5.1 billion yuan to support local government efforts to improve public health care services. Substantial progress was made in preventing and controlling major diseases such as AIDS.
加强医疗卫生工作。覆盖城乡、功能比较完善的疾病预防控制体系和突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系，已经基本建成。启动了农村卫生服务体系建设，中央财政安排27亿元国债资金用于县、乡、村三级医疗卫生基础设施建设。新型农村合作医疗试点范围扩大到1451个县（市、区），占全国总数的50.7％，有4.1亿农民参加；中央财政支出42.7亿元，地方财政也相应增加支出，较大幅度提高参加合作医疗农民的补助标准。以社区为基础的城市医疗服务体系建设加快推进。城乡医疗救助工作有所加强。中央财政安排51亿元，用于支持地方加强公共卫生服务，艾滋病等重大疾病防控取得明显进展。
We energetically developed culture and sports. The press and publishing, radio, television, film, literature and art, philosophy and the social sciences flourished. Culture-related facilities, especially in rural areas, were improved. The project to expand radio and television coverage in rural areas was extended from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages. Continued progress was made in the project to build multi-use cultural centers in communities, towns and townships and the national shared database project for cultural information and resources. Reform of the cultural management system was deepened. Development of the culture industry was accelerated, and cultural exchanges with other countries were increased. Sports activities for the general public were extensively developed, and the level of competitive sports continued to improve. Efforts to promote socialist cultural and ethical progress were strengthened.
积极发展文化、体育事业。新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术、哲学社会科学进一步繁荣。文化基础设施尤其是农村基层文化设施建设得到加强，广播电视村村通工程由行政村向自然村延伸，社区和乡镇综合文化站工程、全国文化信息资源共享工程建设继续推进。文化体制改革进一步深化，文化产业加快发展，对外文化交流更加活跃。全民体育活动广泛开展，竞技体育水平不断提高。社会主义精神文明建设继续加强。
6. We worked hard to increase employment and improve social security work. We continued to improve and implement policies on employment and reemployment, and the central government allocated 23.4 billion yuan for employment and reemployment efforts. We created jobs through a variety of channels, stepped up vocational and technical training, provided support and assistance to zero-employment households and people who have difficulty finding employment, and helped 5.05 million laid-off workers find new jobs. The goal set out in 2004 to basically solve the longstanding problems of defaults on payment to construction companies and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers in the construction industry within three years was basically met. A total of 183.4 billion yuan has been paid to construction companies, paying off 98.6% of the total amount owed to them. This payment included 33 billion yuan in overdue wages for rural migrant workers.
（六）努力做好就业和社会保障工作。进一步完善和落实就业再就业扶持政策，中央财政安排就业再就业资金234亿元。多渠道开发就业岗位，加强职业技能培训工作，开展对“零就业家庭”和就业困难人员的帮扶，505万下岗失业人员实现再就业。2004年我们提出用三年时间基本解决建设领域历史上拖欠工程款和农民工工资的问题，这项工作基本完成，各地已偿还拖欠工程款1834亿元，占历史拖欠的98.6%，其中清付农民工工资330亿元。
The social safety net was strengthened. Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance of enterprise employees were expanded to eight more province-level localities on the basis of the pilot project in the three provinces in northeast China. After years of effort, the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from SOEs into the unemployment insurance system has been basically completed. Basic pension benefits for retired enterprise employees were increased. The coverage of the social security system was further expanded, revenue from social security premiums increased, and oversight and management of social security funds was strengthened. The basic framework of a social assistance system for both urban and rural residents was set up, and charity programs continued to grow. The central government spent 13.6 billion yuan on basic cost of living allowances for urban residents, 2.4 billion yuan more than the previous year, and local governments also increased their spending on these allowances to varying degrees. A system of basic cost of living allowances for rural residents was initiated in 2,133 counties, county-level cities and city districts in 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, benefiting 15.09 million residents. Funding for providing food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses for childless and infirm rural residents now mainly comes from the government budget instead of depending on rural collectives. Assistance for orphans and protection for homeless juveniles were strengthened. Allowances for all types of entitled groups were increased significantly, with an 11.2 billion yuan allocation from the central government budget, a 47% increase from the previous year. We improved the policy for compensating people whose land has been expropriated to build large or medium-sized reservoirs and for assisting people displaced for reservoir projects, benefiting 22.88 million persons. This longstanding problem is now being gradually solved.
加强社会保障体系建设。在东北三省试点的基础上，企业职工基本养老保险做实个人账户试点范围又扩大了8个省份。经过多年努力，国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨基本完成。提高了企业离退休人员基本养老金标准。社会保险覆盖面继续扩大，社会保险基金收入不断增加，社保基金使用的监督管理得到加强。城乡社会救助体系框架基本建立，慈善事业不断发展。中央财政用于城市低保的补助资金136亿元，比上年增加24亿元，各地不同程度提高了城市低保补助水平。已有25个省（自治区、直辖市）、2133个县（市、区）初步建立了农村最低生活保障制度，1509万农民享受了农村最低生活保障。基本实现了农村“五保”从农民集体互助共济向财政供养为主的转变。加强了孤儿救助和流浪未成年人保护工作。大幅度提高各类优抚对象的抚恤补助标准，全年中央财政抚恤事业费支出112亿元，比上年增长47%。完善大中型水库征地补偿和移民后期扶持政策，扶持对象达2288万人，这个长期遗留的问题正在逐步解决。
Last year, some areas in China were hit by natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history, including typhoons and droughts. We promptly took steps to carry out disaster relief work and rebuild disaster-hit areas. The central government raised some disaster relief allowances and allocated 11.2 billion yuan in relief funds to help disaster victims get back on their feet.
去年，我国部分地区遭受了历史上罕见的超强台风和特大干旱等严重自然灾害。我们及时部署加强抗灾救灾和灾后重建工作。全年中央财政下拨抗灾救灾资金112亿元，提高了部分救灾补助标准，受灾群众生产生活得到妥善安置。
7. We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system. Democracy at the community level made continued progress. Government-sponsored legislation was further improved. The State Council submitted seven bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) for deliberation, including the Law on Corporate Income Tax (draft), the Antitrust Law (draft), the Law on Response to Emergencies (draft) and the revised Compulsory Education Law (draft), and promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations, including the Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Control and the Regulations on the Administration of Overseas-Funded Banks. We accelerated development of government by the rule of law and implemented the Administrative Permit Law, the Civil Service Law, and the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law. Oversight in the form of supervision and auditing was strengthened. Steady progress was made in reform of the judicial administrative system and its working mechanisms. The work of addressing public complaints registered by means of letters and visits was strengthened. In public security, continued improvements were made in the crime prevention and control system and extensive efforts were made to promote peace and security. Significant progress was made in work focused on improving conditions in areas with poor public security and in addressing serious public security issues. An all-out effort was made to build clean government and combat corruption and a campaign to combat bribery in business was launched. A number of major cases involving government offices and their employees were investigated and dealt with, and a number of people guilty of corruption were punished to the full extent of the law.
（七）继续加强民主法制建设。基层民主政治建设不断推进。政府立法工作进一步加强。国务院向全国人大常委会提请审议企业所得税法草案、反垄断法草案、突发事件应对法草案和义务教育法修订草案等7件法律议案，颁布了艾滋病防治条例、外资银行管理条例等29个行政法规。加快建设法治政府，认真贯彻行政许可法、公务员法和全面推进依法行政实施纲要。监察、审计监督工作力度加大。司法行政体制和工作机制改革稳步推进。信访工作得到加强。社会治安防控体系不断完善，平安创建活动广泛开展。集中整治治安混乱地区和突出治安问题取得明显成效。廉政建设和反腐败斗争深入推进，开展治理商业贿赂专项工作，严肃查处了一批涉及政府机关及其工作人员的大案要案，依法惩处了一批腐败分子。
Work related to ethnic groups, religions, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas Chinese was further improved. We continued to make progress in modernizing national defense and the army. Significant progress was made in China's diplomatic work.
民族、宗教、港澳、对台和侨务工作进一步加强。国防和军队现代化建设取得新进展。外交工作成绩显著。
Looking back on our practical experience, we have come to the following conclusion: We must free our minds, follow a realistic and pragmatic approach, keep pace with the times, work hard with a pioneering and innovative spirit, unswervingly take the road of Chinese socialism, adhere to the reform and opening up policy, pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain social harmony during development and ensure peaceful development. Only by doing so can we attain the ultimate objectives we have set for modernization.
总结我们的实践经验，归结起来就是，只有解放思想、实事求是，与时俱进、开拓创新，坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展，才能最终实现现代化的宏伟目标。
We owe our successes to the correct overall leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and to the concerted efforts and hard work of cadres and the people across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and persons from all walks of life. I would also like to sincerely thank our compatriots from the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese. My sincere thanks also go out to all the friends of China around the world who care about and support China's modernization.
我们取得的成就，是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全国广大干部群众齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！
However, we are clearly aware that there are still many difficulties and challenges in China's economic and social development and some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government.
我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展中仍然存在不少矛盾和问题，政府工作还有一些缺点和不足。
First, there are still serious structural problems in the economy. There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industry, urban and rural development and development among different regions are not balanced, and the pattern of investment does not reflect consumer demand. Agriculture, the base of the economy, remains weak, and it is now more difficult than ever to steadily increase grain production and keep rural incomes growing. The overall scale of investment in fixed assets is still too large, the problem of excess liquidity in the banking system is serious, and the factors causing overheated investment and excess credit still remain. The trade surplus has become large, and the imbalance in international payments has worsened.
一是经济结构矛盾突出。一二三产业比例不合理，城乡之间、地区之间发展不平衡，投资消费关系不协调。农业基础薄弱状况没有改变，粮食稳定增产和农民持续增收难度加大。固定资产投资总规模依然偏大，银行资金流动性过剩问题突出，引发投资增长过快、信贷投放过多的因素仍然存在。外贸顺差较大，国际收支不平衡矛盾加剧。
Second, the pattern of economic growth is inefficient. This can be seen most clearly in excessive energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. The targets for saving energy and reducing pollutant emissions were set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. This is of vital importance in efforts to promote the change in the pattern of economic growth and increase energy conservation and environmental protection. All local governments and government offices did a great deal of work and made much headway in these areas over the past year. While energy consumption per unit of GDP for the previous three years rose by 4.9%, 5.5% and 0.2% respectively, it dropped by 1.2% in 2006. Growth in total emission of major pollutants declined, chemical oxygen demand rose 1.2%, down from an increase of 5.6% the year before, and discharge of sulfur dioxide rose 1.8%, down from a 13.1% gain in the previous year. However, we fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year for cutting energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 4% and total discharge of major pollutants by 2%. The main reasons were: Industrial restructuring proceeded slowly, while growth in heavy industry, especially in sectors that are high in energy consumption or are highly polluting, was still overheated. Many backward production facilities that should have been closed down are still in operation. Finally, some local governments and enterprises failed to strictly comply with laws, regulations and standards for energy saving and environmental protection, and it will take time for relevant policies and measures to produce the desired results. Meeting these two mandatory targets in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan is very important. The targets cannot be revised, so we must work resolutely to reach them. The State Council will make annual reports on the progress made in saving energy and reducing emissions to the NPC starting this year, and at the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period it will report on the overall progress made over the five years.
二是经济增长方式粗放。突出表现在能源消耗高、环境污染重。“十一五”规划提出了节能降耗和污染减排目标，并作为约束性指标。这对于推动经济增长方式转变、加强节能环保工作具有十分重要的意义。一年来，各地区各部门做了大量工作，取得了积极进展。2006年，单位国内生产总值能耗由前三年分别上升4.9％、5.5％、0.2％，转为下降1.2%；主要污染物排放总量增幅减缓，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量由上年分别增长5.6％和13.1％，减为增长1.2%和1.8%。但是，全国没有实现年初确定的单位国内生产总值能耗降低4%左右、主要污染物排放总量减少2%的目标。主要原因是：产业结构调整进展缓慢，重工业特别是高耗能、高污染行业增长仍然偏快，不少应该淘汰的落后生产能力还没有退出市场，一些地方和企业没有严格执行节能环保法规和标准，有关政策措施取得明显成效需要一个过程。“十一五”规划提出这两个约束性指标是一件十分严肃的事情，不能改变，必须坚定不移地去实现，国务院以后每年都要向全国人大报告节能减排的进展情况，并在“十一五”期末报告五年这两个指标的总体完成情况。
Third, a number of serious problems affecting the people's interests have not been properly addressed. Problems in food and drug safety, medical services, education charges, housing, income distribution, public security and production safety remain a source of public concern. Problems arising in land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, transformation of enterprises into stock companies and environmental protection that harm the interests of the people have not been fundamentally solved. Life remains difficult for many low-income people.
三是一些涉及群众利益的突出问题解决得不够好。食品药品安全、医疗服务、教育收费、居民住房、收入分配、社会治安、安全生产等方面还存在群众不满意的问题，土地征收征用、房屋拆迁、企业改制、环境保护等方面损害群众利益的问题仍未能根本解决。不少低收入群众生活比较困难。
Fourth, the government's efforts to improve its performance still have room for improvement. Moves to change the way the government functions have not made the expected progress, non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a problem, and the responsibilities of some government offices are not clear, leading to low productivity. Expenses related to carrying out official duties have not been standardized, and extravagance and waste are inflating administrative costs. In some local governments and government offices and among a small number of their employees, there are problems of bureaucratism, formalism, isolation from the people, neglect or dereliction of duty and even abuse of power and corruption. The root cause of these problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.
四是政府自身建设存在一些问题。政府职能转变滞后，政企不分依然存在，有些部门职责不清，办事效率低；公务消费不规范，奢侈浪费，行政成本高；一些地方、部门和少数工作人员还存在官僚主义、形式主义，脱离群众，失职渎职，甚至滥用权力，贪污腐败。存在这些问题，根本在于制度不健全、监管不到位。
We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and the people and take more forceful measures to solve them in order to live up to the expectations of the people.
我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决这些问题，决不辜负人民的期望。
II. General Plan for Work in 2007
二、2007年工作总体部署
This is the last year for the term of this government, so we must do our best to carry out our duties with even greater drive and work tirelessly to do even better in all our work in order to deliver a good report to the people.
今年是本届政府任期的最后一年，我们要以更加昂扬的精神状态，恪尽职守，积极进取，毫不懈怠，努力把各项工作做得更好，向人民交出满意的答卷。
The basic approach and tasks for the work of the government are: to take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide and fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development; to accelerate the building of a harmonious socialist society; to conscientiously implement the principles and policies the CPC introduced since its Sixteenth National Congress; to strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation; to speed up adjustment of the economic structure and change of the pattern of economic growth; to strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection; to advance the reform and opening up policy and independent innovation; to promote social development and resolve issues related to the people's wellbeing; and to promote all aspects of socialist economic, political, cultural and social development to create a good environment and favorable conditions for the convening of the Seventeenth National Congress of the CPC.
政府工作的基本思路和任务是：以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，全面落实科学发展观，加快构建社会主义和谐社会，认真贯彻党的十六大以来各项方针政策，加强和改善宏观调控，着力调整经济结构和转变增长方式，着力加强资源节约和环境保护，着力推进改革开放和自主创新，着力促进社会发展和解决民生问题，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，为党的十七大召开创造良好的环境和条件。
Taking into consideration all factors, we have decided on the following main goals for China's economic and social development this year: On the basis of structural improvement, improved productivity, reduced consumption of energy and environmental protection, GDP is forecast to grow by about 8%, the number of jobs created in urban areas should be at least 9 million, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept below 4.6%. The overall price level should remain basically stable, the overall increase in consumer prices should stay below 3%, and there should be improvement in the imbalance in international payments.
综合考虑各种因素，今年国民经济和社会发展的主要目标是：在优化结构、提高效益和降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，国内生产总值增长8%左右；城镇新增就业人数不低于900万人，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；物价总水平基本稳定，居民消费价格总水平涨幅在3%以内；国际收支不平衡状况得到改善。
It is important to mention here that in a socialist market economy, a target for GDP growth set by the government is a guide and an indicator of the anticipated level. It serves as an important basis for setting macroeconomic targets for the budget, employment and prices. Because of changes in the domestic and international economic environments including the market, the real GDP growth rate will vary a certain amount from the projected target. In setting the target for GDP growth around 8% for 2007, we have taken into account a number of factors, such as what is needed and what is feasible. The most important task for us is to promote sound and fast economic development. To attain this goal, we should guide all sectors of the economy to conscientiously put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on improving the economic structure and economic performance, saving energy, reducing energy consumption and cutting down on the discharge of pollutants, and to avoid seeking only faster growth an d competing for the fastest growth.
这里要着重说明，在社会主义市场经济条件下，政府提出国内生产总值增长速度的目标，是一个预期性、指导性指标，是提出财政预算、就业、物价等宏观经济指标的重要依据。由于国内外经济环境和市场变化等影响，最终实现的国内生产总值增长速度与预期目标可能会有一定差距。提出今年国内生产总值增长8%左右的目标，综合考虑了需要和可能等多种因素，更重要的是要引导各方面认真落实科学发展观，把工作重点放到优化结构、提高效益、节能降耗和污染减排上来，防止片面追求和盲目攀比增长速度，实现经济又好又快发展。
In order to realize the goals and complete the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must closely adhere to the following policies and principles:
实现今年经济社会发展的目标和任务，必须把握好以下政策原则：
First, we must stabilize, improve and implement policies. Stabilizing policies means ensuring the continuity and consistency of macroeconomic policy and continuing to follow prudent fiscal and monetary policies. Improving policies means promptly revising policies and measures in response to new developments in the operation of the economy and finding specific solutions to serious issues and problems. Implementing policies means conscientiously implementing all policies and measures of the central government, improving the ability to implement policies and truly putting all policy decisions into effect.
一是稳定、完善和落实政策。稳定，就是保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性，继续实施稳健的财政政策和货币政策。完善，就是根据经济运行新情况及时完善政策措施，有针对性地解决突出矛盾和问题。落实，就是认真落实中央的各项政策措施，增强执行力，真正把各项决策部署落到实处。
Second, we must strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation. The focus of this work is to keep the scale of fixed asset investment and credit under control and to promote overall balance between total supply and total demand while improving the structure. We must encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others, treating each sector according to its specific situation, and make more use of economic levers and legal means to guide and standardize economic activity. We need to correctly balance the relationship between central and local government organizations to give full play to the initiative of each.
二是加强和改善宏观调控。重点是控制固定资产投资和信贷规模，在优化结构中促进经济总量平衡。坚持有保有压，不搞一刀切。更多地运用经济杠杆、法律手段引导和规范经济行为。正确处理中央和地方的关系，充分发挥两个积极性。
Third, we need to greatly improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. We must attach greater importance to saving energy and resources, protecting the environment and using land intensively, pay close attention to improving product quality, strengthen the competitiveness of the economy and better ensure the sustainability of economic development.
三是大力提高经济增长质量和效益。把节约能源资源、保护环境、集约用地放在更加突出的位置，注重提高产品质量，增强经济竞争力和可持续发展能力。
Fourth, we need to pay closer attention to promoting social development and improving the people's wellbeing. We must put people first, promote faster progress in social programs, work energetically to solve the most practical problems that are of greatest concern to the people and most directly affect their interests, safeguard social fairness and justice, and ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.
四是更加重视社会发展和改善民生。坚持以人为本，促进社会事业加快发展，积极解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，维护社会公平正义，让全体人民共享改革发展成果。
Fifth, we need to make reform and opening up the driving force behind all our work. We must continue in the direction of reform to develop the socialist market economy. In order to meet the requirements for economic and social development, we need to promote economic, political, cultural and social restructuring and accelerate the establishment of institutional guarantees for implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society. We need to make China more open to the outside world in all respects.
五是以改革开放为动力推进各项工作。坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，适应经济社会发展要求，推进经济体制、政治体制、文化体制、社会体制改革，加快构筑落实科学发展观和建设和谐社会的体制保障。全面提高对外开放水平。
III. Promoting Both Sound and Fast Development of the Economy
三、促进经济又好又快发展
Looking at the overall situation, we need to concentrate on the following areas in promoting this year's economic development:
通观全局，今年经济发展要着重抓好以下几个方面：
1. We will continue to strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation.
（一）坚持加强和改善宏观调控
We need to continue to follow a prudent fiscal policy.
继续实行稳健的财政政策
One, we will reduce the budget deficit and the amount of long-term development treasury bonds issued by an appropriate amount. The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 245 billion yuan, down 50 billion yuan from last year. We plan to issue 50 billion yuan of long-term development treasury bonds, down 10 billion yuan from last year. We also plan to allocate 80.4 billion yuan from the central government budget for investment in regular development projects, up 25 billion yuan from last year. Total central government investment in development projects is expected to be 130.4 billion yuan.
一是适当减少财政赤字和长期建设国债规模。今年中央财政赤字拟安排2450亿元，比去年预算赤字减少500亿元；拟安排长期建设国债500亿元，比去年减少100亿元；拟安排中央预算内经常性建设投资804亿元，比去年预算增加250亿元；中央政府建设投资总规模为1304亿元。
Two, the structure of budgetary expenditures and government investment will be improved to put more emphasis on key areas. "Increase in three areas" must be ensured in the use of government funds, i.e. a year-on-year increase in investment to directly improve living and working conditions in rural areas, investment in social programs such as elementary education and public health, and investment in the large-scale development of the western region. In addition, we will increase expenditures for energy conservation, environmental protection and independent innovation.
二是政府预算支出和政府投资要优化结构、突出重点。政府投资使用要确保“三个高于”，即：用于直接改善农村生产生活条件的投入高于上年，用于基础教育和公共卫生等社会事业的投入高于上年，用于西部大开发的投入高于上年。同时，加大对节能环保和自主创新的支持。
Three, we will spend the excess revenue in the central government budget in an appropriate way. Because of the fact that actual economic growth exceeded targets plus some policy factors that increased revenue, the central government revenue has exceeded the targets in recent years by a fair amount. The average annual amount of revenue over the target for the years 2003 through 2006 was 204 billion yuan, with last year's surplus reaching 257.3 billion yuan. The excess revenue was mainly spent for the following purposes: to pay off longstanding arrears in export tax rebates and payments for returning farmland to forests, to increase tax rebates and general transfer payments to local governments in accordance with the law, to increase legally mandated expenditures for education, science and technology, and to increase expenditures for the social security fund, for policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprises and for basic cost of living allowances for residents. Fifty billion yuan will be allocated from last year's excess revenue to establish a central budget stability fund this year. The fund makes it possible to compile the central government budget more scientifically and rationally, and helps keep it stable and preserve the continuity of fiscal policy. The use of this fund will be put under budgetary control and subject to the oversight of the NPC. We must strengthen the management of public finance, work very hard to increase revenue, reduce expenditures, practice strict economy, combat extravagance and waste, and ensure the efficient use of public funds. We must administer taxes in accordance with the law, strengthen the collection and management of tax revenue and standardize the management of non-tax government revenue.
三是合理安排中央财政超收收入。近几年，由于实际经济增长高于预期目标，加上一些政策性增收因素，中央财政超收较多。从2003年到2006年年均超收2040亿元，其中去年超收2573亿元。超收收入主要用于解决出口退税和退耕还林等历史欠账，依法增加对地方税收返还和一般转移支付，增加教育、科技等法定支出，增加社会保障基金、企业政策性破产、居民最低生活保障等支出。今年拟从去年超收收入中安排500亿元设立中央预算稳定调节基金。这样做，有利于更加科学合理地编制预算，有利于保持中央预算的稳定性和财政政策的连续性。这个基金的使用纳入预算管理，接受全国人大监督。要加强财政管理，狠抓增收节支，厉行勤俭节约，反对铺张浪费，提高财政资金使用效益。大力推进依法治税，强化税收征管，规范政府非税收入管理。
We will continue to follow a prudent monetary policy. We must employ a full range of monetary policy tools to appropriately control the supply of money and credit and effectively address the problem of excess liquidity in the banking system. We will adjust and improve the credit structure to guide banks to increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises, energy conservation, environmental protection and independent innovation. We must continue to control long- and medium-term loans and strictly limit loans to backward enterprises that consume high quantities of energy or are highly polluting and poorly performing enterprises in industries with excess production capacity. We will promote steady reform of interest rates to better reflect market conditions. We will improve the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, strengthen and improve foreign exchange administration, and actively explore and develop channels and means for appropriately using state foreign exchange reserves. We will adopt a variety of measures to gradually ease the imbalance in international payments.
继续实行稳健的货币政策。综合运用多种货币政策工具，合理调控货币信贷总量，有效缓解银行资金流动性过剩问题。调整和优化信贷结构，引导银行加大对“三农”、中小企业、节能环保和自主创新的信贷支持；继续控制中长期贷款，严格限制对高耗能、高污染企业和产能过剩行业的落后企业贷款。稳步推进利率市场化改革。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。加强和改进外汇管理，积极探索和拓展国家外汇储备合理使用的渠道和方式。从多方面采取措施，逐步改善国际收支不平衡状况。
We need to adjust the balance between investment and consumption. We must adhere to the principle of boosting domestic demand, focusing on expanding consumer demand. We will deepen reform of the income distribution system to narrow the increasing gaps in income levels and expand consumer demand. We will take a variety of measures to increase the incomes of both urban and rural residents, especially low- and middle-income persons. We will make appropriate adjustments in and strictly follow the minimum wage system, implement minimum wage standards for part-time workers, strengthen regulation and guidance for income distribution in enterprises, and set up sound mechanisms for regular pay increases and regular payment of wages. All local governments should conduct a general survey of compliance with the minimum wage system and minimum wage standards for part-time workers. We will continue to implement the policies and measures for reforming the salary system for civil servants, standardizing the pattern of income distribution among civil servants and adjusting the benefits they receive. High priority should be given to expanding consumer demand in rural areas, implementing policies and measures to stimulate increase in incomes and reduction of the financial burden of rural residents, and improving the distribution of goods, development of the market system, and the environment and conditions for increasing consumer spending in rural areas. We need to improve policies on consumption, vigorously develop consumption growth areas such as tourism, culture, recreation and exercise, and expand consumption.
调整投资和消费的关系。坚持扩大内需方针，重点扩大消费需求。深化收入分配制度改革，既可以缓解收入差距扩大的矛盾，又可以有效增加消费需求。要采取多种措施，努力增加城乡居民收入特别是中低收入者的收入。合理调整和严格执行最低工资制度，落实小时最低工资标准，加强企业工资分配调控和指导，建立健全工资正常增长机制和支付机制。今年各地要对最低工资制度和小时最低工资标准的执行情况，普遍进行一次检查。继续落实公务员工资制度改革、规范公务员收入分配秩序及调整相关人员待遇的政策措施。特别要扩大农村消费需求，认真落实促进农民增收减负的政策措施，加强农村商贸流通和市场体系建设，改善农村消费环境和条件。完善消费政策，积极培育旅游、文化、休闲、健身等消费热点，扩大居民消费。
We will maintain an appropriate rate of growth for fixed asset investment. We will improve the investment mix to increase returns on investment. We will continue to keep a firm grip on the controls over land and credit, and appropriately raise and strictly enforce the requirements for market access for development projects in terms of land use, environmental protection, energy saving, technology and safety, taking into consideration specific conditions in each industry. We will strictly control the launching of new projects and pay particular attention to controlling the scale of urban development. We will step up development of major projects that strengthen overall economic and social development and long-term development and accelerate construction of important infrastructure projects such as large water conservancy projects, energy production bases, trunk rail lines and national trunk highways. We will encourage more investment of non-government funds in agriculture, rural areas, social programs, independent innovation, resource conservation, environmental protection and the central and western regions. We will deepen reform of the investment mechanism and improve the decision-making system and system of accountability for major investment projects.
保持固定资产投资适度增长，着力优化投资结构，提高投资效益。继续严把土地、信贷闸门，根据不同行业情况，适当提高并严格执行建设项目用地、环保、节能、技术、安全等市场准入标准。严格控制新上项目，特别要控制城市建设规模。加强关系经济社会全局和长远发展的重大项目建设，加快大型水利、能源基地、铁路干线、国道主干线等重要基础设施建设。积极引导社会资金更多地投向农业农村、社会事业、自主创新、资源节约、环境保护和中西部地区。要深化投资体制改革，完善重大投资项目决策制度和责任追究制度。
The real estate industry plays a major role in developing the economy and improving the housing conditions of the people, and we must promote the industry's sustained and sound growth.
房地产业对发展经济、改善人民群众住房条件有着重大作用，必须促进房地产业持续健康发展。
One, taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing as well as the current level of its economic development, we need to make appropriate plans, build housing scientifically, keep consumption at an appropriate level, build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, and develop a Chinese development and consumption model for housing.
一是从我国人多地少的国情和现阶段经济发展水平出发，合理规划、科学建设、适度消费，发展节能省地环保型建筑，形成具有中国特点的住房建设和消费模式。
Two, the real estate industry should focus on developing reasonably priced commercial housing for ordinary people. The government will pay particular attention to addressing the housing problems of low-income families. We will increase fiscal and tax policy support and set up a sound system of low-rent housing. We will improve and standardize the system of affordable housing.
二是房地产业应重点发展面向广大群众的普通商品住房。政府要特别关心和帮助解决低收入家庭住房问题。加大财税等政策支持，建立健全廉租房制度。改进和规范经济适用房制度。
Three, we will properly use both government regulation and market forces to maintain a reasonable scale of real estate investment, improve the supply structure of commercial housing, strengthen oversight and regulation of housing prices, prevent overheating in housing prices and keep prices at a reasonable level.
三是正确运用政府调控和市场机制两个手段，保持房地产投资合理规模，优化商品房供应结构，加强房价监管和调控，抑制房地产价格过快上涨，保持合理的价格水平。
Four, we will intensify efforts to ensure order in the real estate market, strengthen oversight over it and combat in accordance with the law actions that violate laws and regulations in all links in the real estate industry, including development, sales and real estate agencies. Local governments at all levels must assume their full share of responsibility for regulation and oversight of local real estate markets.
四是深入整顿和规范房地产市场秩序，强化房地产市场监管，依法惩治房地产开发、交易、中介等环节的违法违规行为。地方各级政府要对房地产市场的调控和监管切实负起责任。
2. We will develop modern agriculture and promote the building of a new socialist countryside.
（二）发展现代农业和推进社会主义新农村建设
The issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers have a major impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and on overall modernization efforts. This year's work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers will focus on accelerating the development of modern agriculture and effectively promoting the building of a new socialist countryside.
农业、农村和农民问题，是关系全面建设小康社会和现代化事业全局的重大问题。今年的“三农”工作，要以加快发展现代农业为重点，扎实推进社会主义新农村建设。
One, we will ensure the steady development of grain production. We must protect primary farmland, keep the area sown to grain stable, improve the structure of grain varieties grown and increase the per unit area yield of grain. We will strengthen monitoring and regulation of grain production, sale, storage, import and export, and set up a sound grain security warning system to ensure order in the grain market.
一是稳定发展粮食生产。要保护好基本农田，稳定粮食播种面积，优化粮食品种结构，着力提高粮食单产。加强对粮食生产、消费、库存及进出口的监测和调控，建立和完善粮食安全预警系统，维护粮食市场稳定。
Two, we will substantially raise the overall production capacity of agriculture. We will accelerate development of agricultural facilities, improve agricultural technology and equipment, intensify agricultural research and efforts to expand application of advanced agricultural technology, improve the comprehensive system of agriculture-related services and strengthen our ability to prevent and mitigate disasters that affect agriculture. We will increase efforts to develop a system for preventing and controlling animal diseases.
二是切实提高农业综合生产能力。加快农业设施建设，改善农业技术装备，加强农业科研和技术推广，健全社会化服务体系，增强农业防灾减灾能力。加强动物疫病防治体系建设。
Three, we will redouble efforts to boost rural infrastructure development. We will accelerate the building of water conservancy projects, roads, power grids, telecommunications, safe drinking water supplies and methane production facilities in rural areas. We will pool resources to basically complete, within two or three years, the upgrading of all large and medium-sized and key dilapidated small reservoirs in China. We will accelerate the development of safe drinking water supplies and provide safe drinking water for another 32 million people.
三是大力加强农村基础设施建设。加快农村水利、道路、电网、通信、安全饮水、沼气等设施建设。集中力量用两到三年时间基本完成全国大中型和重点小型病险水库改造。加快安全饮水设施建设，今年再解决3200万人的安全饮水问题。
Four, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels. We will increase income in the farming, livestock, aquaculture and forestry sectors, develop secondary and tertiary industry in rural areas, particularly the processing industry for agricultural products, promote development of specialized agricultural operations, support the development of key enterprises, strengthen county economies and develop channels to increase rural employment and rural incomes. We will implement policies and measures to solve the problems rural migrant workers in cities face. We will increase efforts to relieve poverty through development and reduce the size of the poor rural population.
四是多渠道增加农民收入。努力增加种养业、林业收入，积极发展农村二三产业，特别是农产品加工业，大力推进农业产业化经营，支持龙头企业发展，壮大县域经济，拓宽农民就业增收渠道。认真落实解决农民工问题的各项政策措施。加大扶贫开发力度，进一步减少农村贫困人口。
Five, we will promote the training of people in the practical skills needed in the countryside and the development of rural human resources. We will step up training of farmers to make them better able to apply scientific techniques to growing crops, raising livestock and producing aquaculture products and to find employment outside of agriculture, and to foster the development of a new type of farmer.
五是着力推进农村实用人才队伍建设和农村人力资源开发。加强农村劳动力培训，提高农民科学种养技术水平和转移就业能力，培养造就新型农民。
To develop modern agriculture and promote the building of a new countryside, we must strengthen government policy, funding, application of science and technology, and reform.
发展现代农业，推进新农村建设，要靠政策、靠投入、靠科技、靠改革。
One, we need to consolidate, improve and strengthen the policy of supporting agriculture and giving favorable treatment to farmers. We will increase direct subsidies to grain farmers for producing grain, subsidies for growing superior seed varieties and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies. We will continue to follow the minimum purchase price policy for grain. We will increase support for counties and townships with budgetary difficulties and major grain-producing counties.
一要巩固、完善和加强支农惠农政策。增加对种粮农民的直接补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴。继续实行粮食最低收购价政策。进一步加大对财政困难县乡和产粮大县的支持力度。
Two, we need to increase allocations for agriculture and rural areas. We will effectively shift the focus of state infrastructure development and development of social programs to the countryside. Budgetary support for agriculture and rural areas, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of land transfer income used for rural development are all slated to increase at a rate higher than last year. Allocations from the central government budget for resolving issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 391.7 billion yuan, an increase of 52 billion yuan over last year. We will energetically promote agricultural insurance and expand the scope of the trial for policy-supported agricultural insurance.
二要加大对农业农村投入力度。切实把国家基础设施建设和社会事业发展的重点转向农村，今年财政支农投入的增量要继续高于上年，国家固定资产投资用于农村的增量要继续高于上年，土地出让收入用于农村建设的增量要继续高于上年。中央财政安排用于“三农”的资金3917亿元，比去年增加520亿元。积极发展农业保险，扩大农业政策性保险试点范围。
Three, we need to accelerate progress in agricultural science and technology. We will strengthen China's ability to make innovations in agricultural science and technology, support agricultural science and technology projects, accelerate application of advances in agricultural science and technology, improve local systems for increasing application of modern agricultural technology and providing technological services, and encourage the introduction of modern agricultural science and technology to individual villages and households.
三要加快农业科技进步。加强农业科技创新能力建设，支持农业科技项目，加快农业科技成果转化，完善基层农业技术推广和服务体系，鼓励农业科技进村入户。
Four, we need to fully promote overall rural reform. We will accelerate reform of town and township government bodies, reform of rural compulsory education and reform of the management system for county and township budgets to gradually make the administration and management system for the countryside more streamlined and efficient. We will set up a system of government-funded rural compulsory education and a system of public finance that covers both urban and rural areas. In addition, we will promote reform of the system for land expropriation and the system of collective forest rights, energetically develop specialized farmer cooperatives, and continue to pay off and reduce debts of township and village organizations.
四要全面推进农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革、农村义务教育改革和县乡财政管理体制改革，逐步建立精干高效的农村行政管理体制、政府保障的农村义务教育体制、覆盖城乡的公共财政制度。同时，推进征地制度、集体林权制度改革，积极发展农民专业合作组织，继续清理和化解乡村债务。
In order to promote the building of a new socialist countryside, we must focus on developing the rural economy and increasing rural incomes. We will continue to stabilize and improve the basic system for rural operations and continue to tailor measures to suit local conditions, proceed from reality, respect the wishes of farmers, safeguard their rights and interests, and oppose formalism and the issuing of coercive orders.
推进社会主义新农村建设，必须把重点放在发展农村经济、增加农民收入上。坚持稳定和完善农村基本经营制度，坚持因地制宜、从实际出发，坚持尊重农民意愿、维护农民权益，反对形式主义和强迫命令。
3. We will take strong measures to save energy, lower energy consumption, protect the environment and use land economically and intensively.
（三）大力抓好节能降耗、保护环境和节约集约用地
We must make conserving energy, decreasing energy consumption, protecting the environment and using land economically and intensively the breakthrough point and main fulcrum for changing the pattern of economic growth. The focus of energy-saving and environmental protection efforts will be on the following tasks:
今年要把节能降耗、保护环境和节约集约用地作为转变经济增长方式的突破口和重要抓手。在节能环保方面，重点做好以下工作：
One is to improve and tighten enforcement of energy consumption and environmental protection standards. Potential new projects must be assessed for energy consumption and environmental impact, and projects that do not meet the standards will not be allowed to proceed. Enterprises that still do not meet these standards after taking corrective steps must shut down in accordance with the law.
一是完善并严格执行能耗和环保标准。新上项目必须进行能源消耗审核和环境影响评价，不符合节能环保标准的不准开工建设，现有企业经整改仍达不到标准的必须依法停产关闭。
Two is to resolutely close down backward production facilities. We plan to close down small thermal power plants with total power generating capacity of 50 million kilowatts during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. The target for this year is to close down small plants with a total capacity of 10 million kilowatts. In addition, we plan to close down backward iron foundries with total production capacity of 100 million tons and backward steel mills with total production capacity of 55 million tons during the same five-year period, with the targets for this year of 30 million and 35 million tons respectively. We will shut down more backward production facilities in the cement, electrolytic aluminum, ferrous alloy, coke and calcium carbide industries.
二是坚决淘汰落后生产能力。“十一五”期间，关停5000万千瓦小火电机组，今年要关停1000万千瓦；五年淘汰落后炼铁产能1亿吨、落后炼钢产能5500万吨，今年力争分别淘汰3000万吨和3500万吨。加大淘汰水泥、电解铝、铁合金、焦炭、电石等行业落后产能的力度。
Three is to concentrate on key industries and enterprises. We will step up energy conservation and pollution reduction efforts in key industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, coal, chemicals, building materials and construction and in key enterprises that use more than 10,000 tons of standard coal annually. We will carry out a full range of key energy-saving projects, including upgrading of low-efficiency coal-fired industrial boilers and furnaces and combined heat and power facilities. We will continue giving priority to the development of urban public transport systems.
三是突出抓好重点行业和企业。加强钢铁、有色金属、煤炭、化工、建材、建筑等重点行业，以及年耗能万吨标准煤以上重点企业的节能减排工作。全面实施低效燃煤工业锅炉（窑炉）改造、区域热电联产等重点节能工程。坚持优先发展城市公共交通。
Four is to improve the system of energy conservation and environmental protection policies. We will give full play to the role of the market and make use of a full range of economic levers such as pricing, government finance, taxation and credit to promote energy saving and environmental protection. We will deepen reform of prices for major resource products and charges for pollution emission, improve the system of taxes on resources, strengthen the system of compensated exploitation of mineral resources and accelerate the establishment of a mechanism for compensating for damage to the ecosystem. We will also protect and rationally develop and utilize marine resources.
四是健全节能环保政策体系。注重发挥市场机制作用，综合运用价格、财税、信贷等经济手段，促进节能环保工作。深化重要资源性产品价格和排污收费改革，完善资源税制度，健全矿产资源有偿使用制度，加快建立生态环境补偿机制。保护和合理开发利用海洋资源。
Five is to accelerate the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. We will step up upgrading of equipment and technology designed mainly to save energy and reduce pollution, and encourage enterprises to adopt new equipment, new processes and new techniques that help save energy and protect the environment. We will attach more importance to comprehensive utilization of resources and clean production, and vigorously work to develop a circular economy and energy-saving and environmentally friendly industries.
五是加快节能环保技术进步。积极推进以节能减排为主要目标的设备更新和技术改造，引导企业采用有利于节能环保的新设备、新工艺、新技术。加强资源综合利用和清洁生产，大力发展循环经济和节能环保产业。
Six is to bring pollution under control and protect the environment. We will increase funding from bond sales and central budgetary allocations to support construction of facilities for treating urban sewage and household wastes and disposing of hazardous waste. We will continue to work to control pollution in key regions and the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the Bohai Sea, the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and at the sources and along the routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We will prohibit the relocation of urban polluting enterprises and dispersal of urban polluting materials in the countryside, and control non-point source pollution in rural areas.
六是加大污染治理和环境保护力度。增加国债资金和中央预算内资金，支持城镇生活污水、垃圾处理和危险废物处理设施建设。继续搞好“三河三湖”（淮河海河辽河、太湖巢湖滇池）、渤海、松花江、三峡库区及上游、南水北调水源及沿线等重点流域和区域污染治理。禁止污染企业和城市污染物向农村扩散，控制农村面源污染。
Seven is to strengthen oversight and management of compliance with the law. We will set up a more effective system for overseeing and managing energy conservation and environmental protection and resolutely punish in accordance with the law all types of actions that violate laws and regulations.
七是强化执法监督管理。建立更加有效的节能环保监督管理体系，坚决依法惩处各种违法违规行为。
Eight is to fully implement a responsibility system for fulfilling energy-saving and environmental protection targets. We will promptly set up a sound scientific, integrated and unified system of targets, a monitoring system and an assessment system for saving energy and reducing pollution, and adhere to a rigorous accountability system.
八是认真落实节能环保目标责任制。抓紧建立和完善科学、完整、统一的节能减排指标体系、监测体系和考核体系，实行严格的问责制。
Conserving land and using it intensively is important not only for China's current economic and social development but also for the country's long-term interests and the survival of the Chinese nation. On the issue of land, we cannot afford to make a historical mistake that cannot be corrected, one that will seriously harm future generations. We cannot cross the line and reduce the total amount of farmland in China to less than 120 million hectares. We must resolutely adhere to the strictest possible land management system.
节约集约用地，不仅关系当前经济社会发展，而且关系国家长远利益和民族生存根基。在土地问题上，我们绝不能犯不可改正的历史性错误，遗祸子孙后代。一定要守住全国耕地不少于18亿亩这条红线。坚决实行最严格的土地管理制度：
One, we need to conscientiously follow the general plan and annual plan for land use. We will resolutely control the amount of land used for construction, strengthen the protection of agricultural land, especially primary farmland, and stop the unauthorized use of agricultural land for construction. We will conscientiously implement the newly revised regulations defining the uses for land that are prohibited and the uses that are subject to restrictions. In particular, land will not be allowed to be used to build individual houses, golf courses, and new training centers for Party and government organs, SOEs and public service institutions.
一要认真执行土地利用总体规划和年度计划。坚决控制建设占地规模，加强耕地特别是基本农田保护，禁止擅自将农用地转为建设用地。认真落实新修订的禁止类和限制类项目用地的规定，特别要禁止别墅类房地产开发、高尔夫球场、党政机关和国有企事业单位新建培训中心等项目用地。
Two, we need to make a strong effort to improve and strictly follow standards for conserving and intensively using land, including the rural land used for collective buildings and private housing. We must control the increase in such uses, make the best use of land reserves, and utilize land more efficiently and intensively.
二要抓紧完善和严格执行节约集约用地标准，包括农村集体建设用地和宅基地，都要控制增量，盘活存量，提高土地利用效率和集约化程度。
Three, we need to control industrial use of land and resolutely follow minimum price standards for the transfer of land for industrial use.
三要切实控制工业用地，坚决执行工业用地出让最低价标准。
Four, we need to implement the policy for taxes and fees for the use of land for development, standardize management of revenue and expenditures for land transfers, and faithfully follow the regulations for incorporating into local budgets all the revenue and expenditures derived from the transfer of state land-use rights.
四要落实建设用地税费政策，规范土地出让收支管理，切实执行国有土地使用权出让收支全额纳入地方预算的规定。
Five, we need to strictly follow the responsibility system for land management. We will implement a system for supervising land use. We will strictly investigate and prosecute all cases of land use that contravene laws and regulations.
五要严格土地管理责任制。落实土地督察制度。对各类土地违法违规案件都要严肃查处。
We need to strongly advocate conservation-oriented, environmentally friendly and civilized patterns of production and consumption throughout society so that conserving resources and protecting the environment become second nature for every enterprise, village, organization and individual member of society. We need to work hard to build a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.
要在全社会大力倡导节约、环保、文明的生产方式和消费模式，让节约资源、保护环境成为每个企业、村庄、单位和每个社会成员的自觉行动，努力建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。
4. We will accelerate efforts to upgrade the industrial structure and make independent innovations.
四）加快推进产业结构升级和自主创新
We will continue to follow a new path of industrialization, concentrating on upgrading the industrial structure. The focus of this work will be to greatly develop the service industry, to improve the level and technology of industry, and to promote extensive IT application in the economy and in society. We will reform management systems, increase funding and improve economic policy to encourage and support accelerated development of services, particularly modern services such as logistics, finance, information, consulting, tourism and community services. The overall scale of China's industry is large, but the level of industry and technology is not high, which makes translating size into power a pressing task. We will accelerate development of new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, energetically develop renewable energy sources, systematically develop alternative energy sources and widely apply advanced technologies to upgrade traditional industries. We will accelerate adjustments in industries with excess capacity. We will use economic and legal tools to strengthen industrial planning and provide effective policy guidance for improving the industrial structure.
坚持走新型工业化道路，着力优化产业结构。重点是大力发展服务业，提升工业层次和水平，继续推进国民经济和社会信息化。要从改革体制、加大投入、完善政策等方面，鼓励和支持服务业加快发展，尤其要发展物流、金融、信息、咨询、旅游、社区服务等现代服务业。我国工业总体规模已经不小，但产业层次和技术水平不高，促进工业由大变强是一项紧迫的任务。要加快发展高新技术产业，振兴装备制造业，积极发展可再生能源，有序发展替代能源，广泛应用先进技术改造提升传统产业。加快产能过剩行业调整。在优化产业结构中，注重运用经济、法律手段，加强产业规划和政策的引导。
We will strive to make China an innovative country. We must work diligently to attain the goals and complete the tasks set forth in the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development. We will launch key state science and technology projects, work hard to make breakthroughs in a number of core technologies crucial to the economy, the people's wellbeing and national security, increase independent production of major equipment through completion of key projects and strive to make breakthroughs in key areas where China holds the lead. We will increase basic research, research in cutting-edge technology and research for public benefit. We will deepen the reform of the science and technology management system. We will speed up development of a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, and which is guided by the market and combines enterprises, universities and research institutes. We will improve the mechanism for rewarding independent innovation and implement fiscal, tax and banking policies and the government procurement system to encourage and support independent innovation. We will energetically develop venture capital investment. We will move quickly to formulate and implement a national strategy for intellectual property rights to strengthen protection for them. We will continue to implement the Action Plan to Increase the Population's Understanding of Science.
要围绕建设创新型国家，认真落实国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要提出的目标任务。实施国家重大科技专项，努力攻克一批事关国计民生和国家安全的核心关键技术，依托重点工程推进重大装备自主化建设，力争在重点优势领域取得突破。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益研究。深化科技体制改革。加快建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。完善自主创新激励机制，落实鼓励和支持自主创新的财税政策、金融政策和政府采购制度。积极发展创业风险投资。抓紧制定并实施国家知识产权战略，切实加强知识产权保护。继续实施全民科学素质行动计划。
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